Old motion picture restoration

At the present time there is an increasing request for methods for old film restoration due to both historical and commercial reasons: in fact the restoration processes permit to preserve a lot of historical movies and simultaneously to increase the economical value of the films. The defects commonly present in digitalised old film pictures are frame misalignment, random noise, luminance flicker, and scratches, cracks and dirt (blotches). The interframe misalignment is caused by horizontal and vertical offsets of successively acquired film frames. Various solutions to this problem are present in the literature. Noise is a common problem in the film restoration process and is usually modelled as additive. The intensity flicker is an unnatural temporal fluctuation in image intensity not existing in the original scene. The blotches are regions of different, usually homogeneous gray levels that can be modelled as spatial local minima or maxima. Most common approaches use a two stage strategy consisting respectively in the identification of the blotches and the filtering in order to delete the same. Most current film restoration techniques do not include image contrast enhancement, which on the countrary is an important contribution to visual quality improvement. Details